Elderberries and Acid

elderSulfuric acid, that is.

I collected a pint glass full of Sambucus cerulea berries the from a big old bush on the side of the road a couple of days ago, and this evening I processed them to extract the seeds.

I put the berries in a big mixing bowl full of water and smashed them up with my fingers, then ran the water through a coarse strainer (to catch the skins and stems) and then a fine strainer to catch the seeds, which I then washed and spread out on a coffee filter to dry.

According to this USDA study, scarification with 90% sulfuric acid followed by 60 days of cold stratification is the most successful technique for germinating elder seeds, so that’s what I’m going to try.  Tomorrow I’ll find some sulfuric acid (at a pool supply store?), and then I think I’ll plant some of the seeds outdoors in pots, and put some in the fridge, and see if there’s any difference in germination rates.

UPDATE – The nice folks at Sierra Chemical Co. have sulfuric acid in the appropriate concentration. I’m going to head down there and see if I can pick up a pint or two.

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The Herbaceous Layer – Garden Sorrel

Sorrel Plugs Ready for PlantingI’ve written about sorrel, Rumex acetosa, before.  It’s a perrenial herb that, once established, produces a whole lot of juicy, sour leaves that are great in a salad or soup.  They figure prominently in my food forest plans as one of the anchor species in the herbaceous layer.  I started a bunch from seed a month or so ago in a speedling tray, and planted them out in the food forest this weekend.  I timed the planting to take advantage of the first real rain of the season, which is supposed to arrive in a couple of days.

Speaking of rain, I also need to get out to the forest tomorrow and scatter the dryland annual clover mix from Peaceful Valley.  The mix consists of various clovers, subclovers, and medic, which as legumes will improve the soil by fixing nitrogen, and provide organic matter and also forage for insects.

In other news, I collected some Blue Elder (Sambucus cerulea) berries from the side of the road near the Middle Fork of the American River yesterday.  I plan to separate the seeds from the berries, and then plant them in pots, and eventually incorporate them as an understory tree in the food forest.  It seems that elderberry seeds require a bit of fussing to get them to germinate – sulfuric acid and cold stratification – which I believe means they are meant (from an evolutionary perspective) to pass through a bird and sit through a winter before germinating.

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Adventures in Open Pollination

Mustard SeedlingsThese are mustard seedlings that I’m growing to donate to the El Dorado County Master Gardener plant sale.  I have them in a little covered wagon sort of structure, over which I drape floating row cover to keep the grasshoppers, cabbage moths, aphids and ground squirrels from destroying the young plants.

I grew these from seeds that I collected from a gai choi (giant red mustard) plant, which is Brassica juncea and which is pictured here.

The only problem is, these don’t look at all like giant red mustard seedlings, which show their red even in their very first true leaves.

Mustard Seedlings Up CloseI did some research, and learned that the various common garden species in the genus Brassica, being juncea (mustard),  oleracea (kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, collards and kohlrabi), rapa (Chinese cabbage and turnip), and napus (canola and rutabaga) readily outcross.  That is, it’s possible to get a cabbage-mustard or broccoli-canola hybrid.  I think that these are collard-mustard hybrids.  I’m confident that they’ll be delicious, they just might not be red.

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All Today’s Peppers

All Today's PeppersThe season is changing around here.  Nighttime temps in the fifties, slanted sunlight, and light breezes all herald the return of autumn.

It’s been a terrible year for tomatoes, but the peppers seem happy to pick up the slack.  Pictured (clockwise from top) are bell peppers, jalapeños, serranos, cayenne, tabasco, Thai, some little sweet peppers I’ve forgotten the name of, habanero, and Fresno (which are, in the photo, uncharacteristically red, owing to the fact that I’ve picked them later than normal).

Some of these – the bells, and perhaps a few serranos and  jalapeños – will make it onto the pizza tonight.  The Thais are great in a stir fry, and the cayennes are fantastic dried and ground.  The tabascos I’ve never grown before, so I’ll try them in a few different things to figure out where they belong.  The little sweet ones I might pickle.  The habanero will probably be frozen, and later added to some habanero cornbread.

I’ve been reading about perennializing peppers – basically digging them up before the frost, potting them, and keeping them in a greenhouse or indoors, then planting the plants out next spring.  I’m going to give this a try, as I’ve heard of people keeping their plants around for several years using this technique.

On the food forest front, the blueberry, currant, lingonberry, gojiberry and currant transplants seem to be surviving.  I’ve been giving them a little bit of infrequent water, to help them along until the rain begins in earnest, usually by late October.

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Mindful Meal

dinnerAfter fasting for 26 hours or so, today I decided to prepare a meal consisting entirely of things from the garden – sort of a mindfulness meal.  I made soup using a bunch of vegetables that I harvested today, including 3 kinds of potatoes (not sure which kinds, but they’re the last ones of the year, strays that I discovered while preparing the soil for fall vegetable planting), Jerusalem artichokes, Anaheim, serrano and jalapeño peppers, shallots, garlic, green beans (yellow ones, in truth), tomatillos, 3 kinds of tomatoes (there are finally a few ripe), and herbs including sage, parsley, oregano, chives, garlic chives, and Grecian bay.  For dessert, a bit of stewed fruit, including raspberries, blueberries, grapes, lingonberries and cutleaf evergreen blackberries, which are not native but which grow wild quite close to the garden.

Here are some thoughts on the experience:

SoupWater – Taking a plant from seed to soup pot takes a whole lot of water.  Fortunately, I’ve got a septic system, so the potato wash water makes its way back into the ground on my property (and provides water for the apple, pear and plum trees), but if I wasn’t on a septic, a grey water system would be high on my list of things to install.  I’m on municipal water, though there is an old well head that needs refurbishing, a new pressure tank, etc.  At some point I’d like to get the well back in service, though it will likely be expensive, and at this time it’s not an immediate priority.

Salt – Generally speaking, food tastes a whole lot better with salt, and salt is something that I can’t harvest locally.  After fasting all day, I was craving salt, and so I used one teaspoon, the only thing non-local ingredient added to the meal (which after all wasn’t an exercise in deprivation).

Oil – I choose to make soup instead of stir frying the vegetables because I don’t have any source of homegrown fat (animal or vegetable) in which to fry things.  I do have one small olive tree, but it hasn’t fruited yet, and in any case I don’t know how to produce olive oil, and doubt that I could produce enough to make it worthwhile.

Bread – Soup begs for bread.  I like baking bread, and I’ve got a couple of sourdough starters with wild-caught yeast, including a fragrant one that I made from my own grapes a couple of years ago.  Today I didn’t think about bread until too late, and in any case I don’t grow wheat or other flour-producing grain.  Were I attempting to live solely off of the land, flour, salt and oil are things I think I would need to buy or barter for.

Fuel – Propane doesn’t grow on trees, and while there’s plenty of firewood here for cooking, I suppose I got lazy.  Another day, perhaps.

Mindfulness takes effort – It’s quite difficult to remain mindful through one spoonful of soup, let alone an entire bowl.  When concentration lapsed, I found my mind wandering to other bowls of soup, or conjuring up images of rice or orzo to add, or anticipating the stewed fruit dessert.

dessertFasting resets the taste buds – Food of any kind tastes extraordinary after a fast.  The soup was incredibly rich and complex, the stewed fruit a revelation.

 

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This Garlic is Bananas

Elephant GarlicActually, it’s a leek. Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum, or Elephant Garlic, to be exact. This is a single “clove,” and it’s comically huge. I picked up a pound of it, which amounts to about six or so cloves, at Peaceful Valley yesterday, along with some cover crop and other seeds – hyssop and epazote and goji – some of which I started today.

Epazote is an essential herb for flavoring beans, and I’m out of it.  That is, I planted it years ago, and for years it reseeded, but this year for whatever reason it didn’t, and so I want to get some going again.  I’m planting Hyssop as bee and butterfly forage, and hope to use it at the border of the food forest.  The goji seeds are an experiment.  I have three goji plants in the garden already, one that I ordered as a plant a number of years ago, and another two that started out as cuttings from the original.  The plants, though they die to the ground and return every year, have never seemed especially happy in full sun, or part or full shade.  Goji is easy to propagate, but I decided to try a fresh start, in the hope that I have better success with seedlings, and eventually better source plants for future cuttings.  We’ll see.

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UPDATE: Of Butterflies and Bulbils

A couple of weeks ago, I posted a picture of a beautiful butterfly sitting upon shallot bulbils.  Fellow El Dorado County MG and butterfly expert Kathy got back to me with the ID, and the winner is…..

Mylitta Crescent (Phyciodes mylitta)

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Grape Juice the Color of a Jewel

grapes_02This season has been terrible for most summer annuals – tomatoes, peppers, squash, and the like – but fantastic for the small fruits in the garden.  Blueberries, gooseberries, lingonberries, and currants have all been ridiculously productive, and I even harvested a single huckleberry, the first produced by the plant in its eight years in the garden.  And then there’s the grapes.  I have three kinds in the garden:  Red Flame Seedless, Lady Finger, and Black Monukka.  Of these, only the first two have produced fruit, and the Lady Finger only a few at that.

 

grapejuice_01The Red Flame on the other hand is quite productive, and never more than this year.  Yesterday I picked maybe eight big bunches, juiced them, and then filtered the juice using three coffee filters.  The result was about a quart of beautiful, flavorful, healthful juice.  Lucky me.

 

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Ramps Probably Won’t Grow Here

New seeds arrived in the mail yesterday from Seedman.com.  Chinese Hackberry (Celtis sinensis),Chinese Leeks (Allium tuberosum rottler), Juneberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), and Ramps (Allium tricoccum).  I believe I’m way outside the natural range of ramps, and I have no doubt that they (and I) will fail miserably, but I’m obsessed with the idea of them so I figured I’d give it a shot.  For whatever reason, garlic grows really well here, but onions not so much.  What I really need is an allium that will naturalize in either the garden or the food forest, but so far I haven’t found one.  I’ve tried various chives and green onions, Egyptian walking onions, shallots, and probably a few others, and none have been especially successful.  Still looking…

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Of Claimers and Disclaimers and Wild Plants

I’m reading Samuel Thayer’s excellent guide to edible wild plants, Nature’s Garden.  Not only is it a lovely book, full of wonderful photos and informative text, but the very first pages, consisting of a Warning followed by a Claimer (as opposed to a Disclaimer) floored me.

The Warning consists of the standard  admonitions about exercising great care when eating wild plants, and informing the reader that some plants are poisonous, and that the reader assumes all responsibility for their own mistakes, etc.  The Claimer, on the other hand, is a well-reasoned analysis of the excesses and folly of the standard disclaimers found in many books on wild food.  The author goes on to state:

Instead of disclaiming the contents of this book, I claim them.  Every photograph and piece of text herein was included through my own discretion.  Any mistakes, unless cited to another source, are mine, and I take full responsibility for them.  I approve this book’s message, and encourage readers to use the plants as described and suggested herein.  That’s why I wrote it.

So far, so good.

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